Credits

Archives & sources

Exact attribution and image rights are listed on every effect page. Last updated October 2026.

77 institutions

2.bp.blogspot.com / academymuseum.org / acmi.net.au / adobe.com / archive.computerhistory.org / arxiv.org / assets3.cbsnewsstatic.com / berlinischegalerie.de / beyondresolution.info / bfi.org.uk / blackmagicdesign.com / blog.scienceandmediamuseum.org.uk / blogs.loc.gov / catalog.afi.com / cdn.sanity.io / cdn.theasc.com / cinemagraphs.com / cinematheque.fr / collectionapi.metmuseum.org / commarts.com / commons.wikimedia.org / computerhistory.org / core-cms.bfi.org.uk / eastman.org / film-foundation.org / fleischerstudios.com / fwdlabs.com / getty.edu / helpx.adobe.com / historyofinformation.com / hrc.utexas.edu / i.vimeocdn.com / ilm.com / images.computerhistory.org / images.ctfassets.net / images.squarespace-cdn.com / itsnicethat.com / kevin-thu.github.io / kinolorber.com / leemiller.co.uk / lens-preview-storage.storage.googleapis.com / loc.gov / lucasfilm.com / maxon.net / media.getty.edu / metmuseum.org / moma.org / movingimage.org / networkcultures.org / newsroom.snap.com / nhm.ac.uk / nsf.gov / oscars.org / patents.google.com / pauldebevec.com / post.moma.org / postmagazine.com / psap.library.illinois.edu / research.google / royalsociety.org / runway.com / search.smb.museum / shinyverse.org / sites.courtauld.ac.uk / stability.ai / static1.squarespace.com / theasc.com / thumb.wikimedia.org / upload.wikimedia.org / vam.ac.uk / vasulka.org / vdb.vdb.org / vfxvoice.com / vimeo.com / whitney.org / whitneymedia.org / zkm.de

Heliography

Daguerreotype

Calotype

Cyanotype

Stereoscopy

Combination printing

Double exposure

Soft focus

Hand coloring

Portrait vignette

Series photography

Halftone screen

rubber print

Stop trick

Autochrom

Glass matte / Matte painting

Stop-motion

Rotoscopy

Photomontage

Photogram / Rayography

Solarization / Sabattier effect

Rear projection

Three-stripe Technicolor

Moving Mask

Deep Focus

Image accompanying heliograph: Niépce: View from the window of Le Gras, 1827. Original plate, today a museum photograph.

Image for daguerreotype: Louis Daguerre: L’Atelier de l’artiste, 1837. Historical daguerreotype.

Image for calotype: William Henry Fox Talbot: The Open Door, before May 1844. Salted paper print from the paper negative.

Image accompanying cyanotype: Anna Atkins: Himanthalia lorea, circa 1853, from Photographs of British Algae. Historical cyanotype; the project began in 1843.

Image related to stereoscopy: London Stereoscopic Company: Crystal Palace, Una and the Lion, 1854–1862. Historical stereoscopic image pair.

Image accompanying combination print: Oscar Gustav Rejlander: The Two Ways of Life, 1857. Historical combination print.

Image relating to double exposure: William H. Mumler (possibly with Helen F. Mumler): three supposed ghosts, 1862–1875. Historical manipulation.

Image for soft focus: Julia Margaret Cameron: Contemplations, 1864. Historical soft focus portrait.

Image for hand-coloring: Felice Beato: Priests or Zen Shu, 1866–1867. Historical hand-colored albumen print.

Image accompanying portrait vignette: Unidentified photographer: Unidentified woman, printed in vignette and quasi-oval style, 1865–1870.

Image from serial photography: Eadweard Muybridge: The Horse in Motion, Sallie Gardner, June 19, 1878. Historical motion sequence.

Image for halftone screen: Daily Graphic: A Scene in Shantytown, New York, March 4, 1880. Early halftone reproduction.

Image related to gum bichromate print: Robert Demachy: Dans les coulisses, circa 1897. Historical gum bichromate print.

Image related to stop-motion animation: Georges Méliès: The Vanishing Lady, 1896. Still from a historical film; link leads to the viewing.

Image for Autochrome: John Cimon Warburg: Peggy in the garden, circa 1908.

Image relating to glass matte / matte painting: Later view: Peter Ellenshaw's matte painting for Spartacus (1960).

Image for stop-motion: Ladislas Starevich: The Cameraman’s Revenge (1912).

Image related to rotoscoping: Early rotoscope in the living room of the Fleischer family.

Image for photomontage: Hannah Höch: Dada-Rundschau (1919).

Image related to photogram / rayograph: Man Ray: Rayograph (1922).

Image relating to solarization / Sabattier effect: Man Ray: Lee Miller (1929).

Image of rear projection: King Kong (1933): Context of a film with multiple compositing techniques.

Image for Three-Stripe Technicolor: Miriam Hopkins in Becky Sharp (1935), Three-Stripe Technicolor.

Image for Moving Mask: The Invisible Man (1933): Film still with Claude Rains.

Image related to Deep Focus: Citizen Kane (1941): multiple sharp action planes.

Stereoscopic 3D

Anamorphic widescreen look

Dolly zoom / Vertigo effect

Slit scan

Magnetic TV distortion

Liquid light show

Video feedback

Wireframe graphic

Chroma Key

Motion Control

Backlight Glow

1-bit dithering

Morphing

Photorealistic CGI

Bullet Time

HDR / Tone Mapping

Tilt-shift look

Datamoshing

Anamorphic flares

RGB split / glitch

Cinemagraph

Neural stylization

AR face filter

AI Morphing

Image-to-Video

Image for Stereoscopic 3D: Norman McLaren: Now Is the Time to Put On Your Glasses (1951); flat still image.

Image relating to Anamorphic Widescreen Look: CinemaScope Explained: Original Diagram, American Cinematographer, March 1953.

Image related to Dolly Zoom / Vertigo effect: Vertigo (1958): View into the stairwell.

Image for slit scan: 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968): Star Gate.

Image relating to magnetic TV distortion: Nam June Paik: Magnet TV (1965).

Image for liquid light show: Joshua Light Show: Liquid Loops (1967).

Video Feedback Image: Skip Sweeney: Illuminatin’ Sweeney, 1975: Original video still.

Image for wireframe graphic: Star Wars, 1977: The Death Star briefing scene with wireframe graphic.

Image about Chroma Key: Chroma key principle: Shot, background and composite image: Example from 2010.

Image related to Motion Control: Dykstraflex: repeatable camera movements for Star Wars, 1977.

Image related to backlight glow: Tron, 1982: luminous costume lines and light disc.

Image relating to 1-bit dithering: MacPaint, 1984: Susan Kare's 1-bit bitmap based on a Japanese template.

Image related to Morphing: Willow, 1988: original intermediate images of the MORF transformation.

Image for Photorealistic CGI: Jurassic Park, 1993: digital T. rex in photographed space.

Image from Bullet Time: The Matrix, 1999: Bullet-time camera setup on set.

Image for HDR / Tone Mapping: HDR tone mapping: exposure series above, composite representation below: Cody Pope, 2007.

Image relating to tilt-shift look: Keith Loutit: Bathtub III, 2008: Sydney appears like a model world.

Image related to data moshing: Lee Brenton: My first datamosh, November 15, 2009: Original video still.

Image relating to Anamorphic Flares: Star Trek, 2009: horizontal blue anamorphic light streak.

Image related to RGB split / glitch: Rosa Menkman: Glitch Art, 2011: digital color fringes and destroyed image structure.

Image for Cinemagraph: Jamie Beck & Kevin Burg: Stir, 2011: two real frames of the same Cinemagraph.

Image relating to neural stylization: Google Research: Inceptionism / DeepDream, 2015: Input above, neural reinterpretation below.

Image related to AR face filters: Snapchat: Rainbow Face Lens: later example image for the principle that has been widespread since 2015.

Image for AI morphing: DiffMorpher, 2023/2024: Original demonstration with generated intermediate images.

Image to Image-to-Video: Stable Video Diffusion, 2023: official image collage of the model announcement.