M 087 / 18304 Print & Ditheralgorithm output

Floyd–Steinberg Dither

dither, printing & texture

Typeface · VT323

Real-world algorithm demonstration, applied to a NASA portrait.
Real-world algorithm demonstration, applied to a NASA portrait.Image: NASA / Eileen Collins · scikit-image (public domain)View source ↗

Prompt

Apply a Floyd–Steinberg Dither effect, converting the image into pure black and white with fine, irregular single-pixel texture. Recreate shading through locally distributed dots and subtle directional wormlike patterns rather than repeated grids, preserving readable contours without gray pixels or smoothing. Keep the original subject and composition.

Identify

Irregular, fine 1-bit1 grain.

Principle

Quantization errors2 are distributed across neighboring pixels.

Try it out

Compare with Bayer dithering.

Classification

Calculated image processing result.

Further examples · 7 images

Dithered Cat
02 Dithered CatA close-up of a cat's eye and fur rendered in monochrome. The fine, irregular grain creates the illusion of gray tones using only black and white pixels distributed via error diffusion.Conansc · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons
3 birds on a fence in VGA 640x480 2-color
03 3 birds on a fence in VGA 640x480 2-colorThree parrots perched on a chain-link fence overlooking a street. The two-color quantization uses Floyd-Steinberg dithering to represent depth and complex textures without the repetitive patterns seen in Bayer dithering.LoganDeveloper · CC0 · Wikimedia Commons
RGB 24bits palette sample image - 3-bit RGB - 300x zoom - no smoothing
04 RGB 24bits palette sample image - 3-bit RGB - 300x zoom - no smoothingA zoomed-in view of a colorful parrot processed with a 3-bit RGB palette. The individual colored pixels are scattered to blend transitions, demonstrating how quantization errors are passed to adjacent pixels.RGB_24bits_palette_sample_image_-_3-bit_RGB.png: *RGB_24bits_palette_sample_image.jpg: Ricardo Cancho Niemietz (talk) Or · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons
Floyd–Steinberg Dither, applied to “Plasma-lamp”
05 Floyd–Steinberg Dither, applied to “Plasma-lamp”A plasma lamp displays fine, irregular grain in its glowing filaments. The diffusion of 1-bit color values creates smooth tonal gradients without ordered geometric patterns.Luc Viatour (photo); processed for the Atlas · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons
Floyd–Steinberg Dither, applied to “Household utensils - artwork - Malsch 01”
06 Floyd–Steinberg Dither, applied to “Household utensils - artwork - Malsch 01”Utensils hanging from a tree are rendered with a scattered dot distribution. This error diffusion technique maintains the luminance of the blue sky using an irregular pixel arrangement.H. Zell (photo); processed for the Atlas · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons
Floyd–Steinberg Dither, applied to “Cannaceae Canna L. Golden Gate”
07 Floyd–Steinberg Dither, applied to “Cannaceae Canna L. Golden Gate”The yellow Canna flower petals exhibit high-frequency, randomized grain. Quantization errors are pushed to neighboring pixels, creating the appearance of continuous color through a dense stipple effect.Michael Gäbler (photo); processed for the Atlas · CC BY 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons